Another month, and another delayed post while I juggle life. These numbers are mostly based on last Wednesday’s market close. I had big intentions of writing this on Thursday last week.
RENTALS
Our rental that we purchased a month ago is still vacant. It’s a commercial loan, so the first payment was just made on it yesterday. It always hurts to pay those bills without income. I’ve spent some time cleaning it. It looked fine if you just did a quick glance. But the details were terrible. I wiped down all the walls in the house and all the outlets and switch plates, which were extremely necessary. I wiped the baseboards with their first clean using the mop, but I’ll need to go back and do a wipe with something that gets directly on it. We were excited that the house didn’t need painted, but the closets are a bit of a mess. If I decide to make the time, I’ll throw some fresh paint on some parts. The bathrooms were pretty bad, and they’re about 70% done being cleaned. Maintenance wise, we just needed to replace a missing cabinet door pull, clean out the air return vent, and do a few random small fixes with caulk and screws. I’ve shown in several times. I even had a lease drawn up for one person, but it fell through.
We’ve had issues with our two new tenants getting their utilities in their name. We had one in Virginia who claimed she tried to get the water bill in her name and it just wasn’t happening. She always paid the day I sent the bill to her, so I just let it go. This past month was terrible. It took her over a month to get it paid, and I threatened to turn it off so that it would force her to get it in her name and keep me (and my property manager) out of it. One in Lexington was annoying that she didn’t get it done, and she’s not very communicative. Then the other in Winchester had to go in person to get the water in her name, so that wasn’t surprising that it took a while.
PERSONAL
Our 3rd kid got off the waitlist for preschool! Our beloved preschool closed down last year. Everyone flocked to this other preschool. I followed the “rules” and did things “ethically,” but we got waitlisted. Long story. I wasn’t pushing for him to be in preschool in the 2s year (he’ll be 3 next week, but our age cut off here is August 1st). I figured I’d push really hard in the next couple of months to make sure he got a spot for next year. This place I want him to go to has a lot more spots for 3 year olds than 2 year olds, so I had high expectations we’d get a spot next year. Well, we got the email a couple of weeks ago that there was room available for him! It’s a longer day than we’re used to, but he’s so excited to go to school. He asks to go to the playground daily, so that’s going to be nice that he’ll have TWO playground times twice a week. I can’t wait to hear all his stories.
My work schedule has me in the office for half a day on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday. We’re going to look into adjusting that in January to account for the days he’s in school so that I can actually enjoy some kid free (guilt free…no strict schedules and babysitter availability) time since 2018.
We paid off the 0% interest card that was sitting at $14,000. It didn’t bother me to have that balance sitting there because it was for a good reason, but it sure does feel good to have that off our plate. Our spending has been relatively low the last few months. This month will see a small spike because I have’t preemptively bought any Christmas gifts, so that will likely be a large purchase amount later this week. We’re also in the market for camping gear since we took the kids camping this past weekend and noted a few gaps in our equipment.
SUMMARY
We’re up $1.5 million from 2 years ago, which is a cool number to see. Considering we paid off large credit card balances, I’m surprised our net worth only went up about $5k since last month. I updated the value of the houses in the past few weeks, so that’s where the hit is. Home values are expected to go down in the Fall, so I like to capture that adjustment from the higher values that appear in the Spring. Our cash value obviously went down since it went towards credit card payments and a down payment on a house (except it only decreased by $11k).
We last purchased a rental property in 2022, after most of our purchasing was done in the the 2019 era. We were busy with 3 kids, and I recently felt like I was coming out of the fog. Mr. ODA and I went to a wealth building seminar in the Spring; my intention was to have that seminar reinvigorate our desire to build our portfolio. It worked well for Mr. ODA, but once options started to show up, I started to panic.
We first went to an open house. It was a bit further away that I’d prefer to maintain a house, and there were a few red flags. For one, it frustrates me that landlords can fill out a seller disclosure claiming they know nothing about the house. I can tell you if I had any roof issues or major system issues in any of my houses, even though I haven’t physically lived there. Mr. ODA wanted to pursue it, but I couldn’t bring myself to get on board.
We were then sitting with his parents one night, telling the story of this open house, and his mom said that she saw a townhouse posted on Facebook that she thought we’d be interested in. It was owned by the son of an old friend of her’s. We asked our real estate agent if she’d show it to us, but she was out of town. So then his mom texted her friend to see if they were there and we could go look. They weren’t there, but they gave us the contractor box code (which is surprising in itself that there wasn’t a sentribox on the door). We went over and the house looked to be in good order, so we put an offer in. We like to surprise our agent with these types of things where all she needs to do is get the contract ratified.
UNDER CONTRACT
The house had been listed for some time when we came across it. It was was listed at $182,500. We offered $182,000 with $2,000 worth of seller subsidy on September 2, 2025. They agreed that day. We ended up needing to redo the contract because the wife wasn’t on the deed of the house, but she had signed the contract, but that wasn’t a big deal.
We had the inspection scheduled for September 10th. There was hardly any issues in the report, and we picked a few of the bigger things to ask for them to fix. They agreed to our list. They gave our agent a receipt showing they had paid someone to fix the items on our list. We did our final walk through the afternoon before closing and were disappointed to find that two of the bigger items (leaks) were not addressed properly and the house was dirty (including things left in the fridge and freezer). Our agent reported that to their agent, and they addressed everything that evening. We swung by the next morning before closing to see it all cleaned up and the leaks addressed.
The appraisal was ordered by our lender and came back at $188,000. That was a pleasant surprise to see we had immediate equity in it.
COMMERCIAL LOAN
We chose to go a commercial loan route. Interest rates aren’t falling as quickly as we expected to see. We have a commercial loan on one of our other properties in town, and I was still surprised to see how easy this process is. The loan qualifications are mostly based on the cash flow of the property. I filled out an application, submitted a ledger of our other property cash flows, and sent in 3 years worth of tax returns.
We were quoted at 6.74% interest. The loan terms are a bit different. Our last commercial loan was amortized over 25 years, but there’s a balloon at 5 years. This time around, it’s amortized over 25 years, but the balloon is at 15 years. A commercial loan also means that the taxes and insurance are not escrowed, and I’m responsible for paying them on my own.
The loan is an Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) too. There was no different to us in the 3 year or 5 year ARM, so for the first time, we picked a 3 year ARM. In the past, it was related to securing our low rate. This time around, we’re expecting rates to drop in the near future, so we locked in our rate for only 3 years. It only changes on 3 year increments (some of the others will change every year after the initial lock period). It also has a clause that indicates the rate has a floor of 4%. I also don’t see a maximum adjustment that can happen (we have other ARMs that state an adjustment can’t be more than 2% at the change date).
We were expected to put 25% down. That would be $45,500 based on the $182,000 purchase price, and would leave 136,500 worth of a loan. They ran some numbers and determined that we could only qualify for a loan of $132,000 based on a rent of $1,400. They only us the cash flow to determine the eligible amount and not the rest of our portfolio. Let’s break that down to the fact that a loan of $136,500 equates to a monthly loan payment of 942.23, and a loan of $132,000 equates to a monthly payment of 911.17. So at a rent rate of $1,400, we could cover the monthly payment of $911.17, but we could not cover a monthly payment $31.06 higher. We pushed back for a second, but in the end it didn’t matter and we accepted the loan of $132,000.
PROS
When I look at this place, it feels like a place someone will rent. It’s clean, feels like home, and has a good layout. It has a closet available for a washer and dryer, which is a plus. Both bedrooms are upstairs and each has its own bathroom, and there’s a powder room on the main floor. It’s more secluded than other units in the complex, giving the occupant more grass area to hang out in the front and back.
CONS
We do have some concerns. The townhouse is at the back of the neighborhood. The entire rest of the community has parking right outside their front door. This group of 4 townhomes is separated from the parking lot, so you have to walk a bit further. The trade off there is that it’s secluded, you have a front “yard” (instead of pavement), and you’re more secluded from your neighbors.
I didn’t want another townhouse in our portfolio. With a townhouse, your value is strongly dictated by what your neighbors have done (or not done) to the property. As much as we don’t plan to resell these properties in a short time frame, I do have the thought that I want to be able to sell it when the time comes.
Also with a townhouse, you’re also at the whim of a community manager that is likely not putting utmost effort in. We asked about the HOA at closing and the previous owner said the cost used to be $35 per month. When it was that cheap, they weren’t paying their bills, so the lawn wasn’t mowed and the trash wasn’t removed. They increased the price to $95 two or three years ago, and that has made a difference in the community’s upkeep.
The HOA is due monthly, which is an inconvenience and a surprising process on their part. I plan to pay it monthly until I have confidence in their ability to process my payment and apply it to my account timely. After some time, I may pay in advance. I just went to process the first payment and planned to pay 3 months worth, but then realized that will create a harder tracking mechanism on me right now.
CLOSING
We had our closing on October 16th. It was super quick and easy. I listed the house for rent that evening.
SUMMARY
At this point, we have the house listed for rent at $1375. We had determined the range for rent during our purchase evaluation. Unfortunately, I hadn’t looked at the current market by the time we went to list, and there’s quite a bit out there. I’ve shown it to 2 people and have another showing today. One of the people from the weekend said they were seeing other places on Wednesday, so I’ll hold out on any changes to the rent price until this weekend.
*I’ve been working on this post for a week, so my numbers are a week old, but I don’t want to re-update them. I’m also posting on a Tuesday just to get this ‘out the door.’*
I’m starting to pull myself out of the overwhelmed hole I felt I was in. There’s still a lot going on, but I feel better equipped to stay on top of things. I had just been so exhausted, that I didn’t have the energy to do anything extra each day, and I was just getting by. Last weekend, I was able to work on pressure washing our patio and deck furniture (which was long overdue), and then I stained our deck. That’s been a pretty good springboard to me getting a fire lit under myself to get other things done, so that’s felt really good.
Our middle child graduated pre-k on Thursday. That was a big milestone, and my poor girl is so sad that she’s going to miss her teachers. She’s really struggled with my going to work and not being home all the time (although my time not home, while she would be home, averaged about 10 hours per week). I have things better organized at work, and I’m feeling good about my tasks and role in the office, so the hours I’m spending there are dwindling. I had agreed to about 20 hours per week, but I was closer to 26/28 each week. The biggest issue was waiting for someone to be available to help me, and then that everyone else is full time, so they don’t realize I’m trying to get out of here by 2 pm each day. This week our oldest graduates kindergarten and has many events around end of school.
RENTALS
One of the mortgages has been paid enough that the balance dropped from 6 digits to 5 digits. It’s still a lot of money owed there, but that felt like a nice accomplishment when I went in to capture the balance!
June is Richmond tax season for these houses. That means I’ll be paying out large chunks of money for the houses we have no escrow on.
We had a few maintenance needs come up. One house had the water heater flood the basement. Luckily, I think we’re OK on that front. We replaced the water heater. The gas wasn’t hooked up right, so the tenant called the plumber to get that squared away. This happened while I was in a different state, and I’m so grateful it happened in a house with a handy tenant.
We had some flashing fall off a roof line. This wasn’t a priority to address at the time, but the tenant started claiming allergies were flaring up because birds were getting in the attic. Sometimes you just need to accept that’s the story you’re hearing. We had a handyman go over there and verify there are no birds anywhere. The “hole” she thought she saw was just where the soffit was hanging a bit, but there were no gaps in the wood structure itself. He tacked up the soffit, and I contracted with another company to repair the one piece of flashing.
That handyman also went out and handled a wasp nest. At that house, the tenant says a window won’t stay open when she opens it, and we let her know it’s on our radar now, but it won’t be fixed just yet as our people are spread thin and that’s not an emergency. That house had a temporary tenant in it (housing with our current tenant). To cover the tenant and us, I asked for a $500 deposit. When they moved out, I had our tenant sign that there was no damage, and I returned the deposit.
We’re still working on the major termite damage that occurred at another house. There was quite the domino effect. Leaks from bathrooms and the laundry room created a very wet environment, which created a breeding ground for termites, which feasted on our wood all over that place. The crawl space got cleaned up, but we’ve been waiting over a month for the bathrooms to get replaced and fixed. I’m hopeful that it’ll start next week, but frustrated nonetheless.
I had a leak from a toilet bolt at another house. I was frustrated because we had just been called out for water on the floor at this house recently, but it turns out this was necessary. When the house is a certain age, things just wear away and need replaced.
We also had a limb fall from a tree at another rental. The tenant explained how much of a liability it was for me. I love when tenants instruct me on my level of liability (that’s sarcasm). We have a tree guy that’s been super useful for many things and he handled it the next day with no problem.
PERSONAL
We haven’t been spending much money. Most of our money these days goes to grocery shopping. On our current statement for our main credit card, we only have 11 transactions recorded for over 3 weeks.
We paid our last month of pre-school for our second. They are closing the school and they didn’t want to add on days for the snow days that occurred, so they gave us $50 off the last month of tuition to cover the 2 days we were owed for make-ups. Since the school is closing, everyone scattered, and we ended up not getting into another preschool next year for our youngest. So at this point, that’s an extra $375 per month in our pockets next year – unless a spot opens up for the littlest.
Mr. ODA took the buy out, which I think I mentioned last month. His last day of work was April 30th. He said he’s settling into the not working concept and starting to get over the desire to know what’s happening at work and with his programs he worked so hard on. He’s done a lot of work around the house here, including treating for termites in a very intense fashion, but that was cool to see.
NET WORTH
Two months ago, my job asked for my goals. It’s a specific document that I was to fill out. Someone else had mentioned their net worth goal, and our next big step would be $5 million net worth. Well, the market has been in shambles, and our net worth plummeted from where it was. I thought it prudent to not make such a goal when our net worth is completely reliant on the market actions right now (i.e., we’re not selling/purchasing or making any big moves that would drastically change our net worth outside of the market actions). We’re finally on the upswing and now at the highest net worth we’ve been, so that’s encouraging after those big dips recently.
In November 2023, I posted about rental changes that had occurred over the previous year. I wanted to update that analysis a few months ago, but I didn’t have all the KY data. I recently shared that my rent increases aren’t covering my cost increases, and my portfolio’s cash projections are lower now than when we first purchased all the houses. Here’s more of a breakdown of those changes per house.
ESCROW
Escrow is an account that your mortgage company holds money to pay your insurance and taxes on your behalf. I have little faith in their management, as I’ve had to follow up on balances in the account and payments made incorrectly.
I created this table to show the differences between escrow payments over the two years. I kept the houses that don’t have an escrow because it can be compared to a future table in this post. There is no House5 in this table because we sold it several years ago (houses didn’t get renumbered because House5 still exists in terms of tax documentation).
INSURANCE
We had 3 insurance claims last year, and a big one the year before. It turns out, our portfolio is looked at as a whole, so 4 claims in a 12 month period doesn’t look good, especially when one of those was 6 digits and one was 5 digits. None of it was egregious, and they were each necessary. We were just a victim of poor timing (and for some reason, the 12 years prior to that with 0 claims of any kind mean absolutely nothing). While our own history is to blame in some aspects, insurance costs as a whole are increasing quickly over the few years. Here’s Google’s AI response:
And with that between payments made in 2023 and payments made in 2024, insurance is costing us almost $2,000 more for the year. I also just made my first 2025 payment, which increased that one house by $343. The total increase from 2022 and 2024 is over $3,000.
From the initiation of insurance on each house (so, when we first bought the house, which were mostly between 2015/2016) to today, we’re paying over 43% more in total for insurance.
TAXES
The table below shows the change between 2023 and 2024 for our tax payments. Last year, many jurisdictions that hadn’t captured the assessment changes since the pandemic made up for it last year, when we saw about a $3,500 increase for the year. This year, our increase was over $2,000. Fifty-five hundred over two years is nearly $230 per month, spread over 13 rental properties is $17 each. So for those that I didn’t increase rent last year, they’re not capturing that cost increase for our portfolio.
RENT INCREASES
So far this year, I’ve missed two opportunities to increase rent. I had planned on increasing one house by $25 to keep up with inflation costs, but it didn’t register that their notice had to be given by 1/1 (every one else is by the end of the month). The second is above market at this time, which was by design since they’re not easy to work with (tried to phase them out, but they accepted the rent increase). We last raised their rent in September 2022, so it’s been two years. But I couldn’t bring myself to do it. Next year we’ll increase them by $50 per month.
My plan is to increase the rent for 5 of our other houses. Four of these houses are planned to be $50 per month of an increase, and one is planned to be $75. Our management is generally to increase rent by $50 every two years if you’re a long term renter. There have been a few that we didn’t increase for a while, and the carrying costs have drastically increased, so we’re behind now.
SUMMARY
For our cost increases between taxes and insurance, we have over $4,000 that was paid out last year (and it’s really more than that in cases where the house has escrow, so our escrow was increased more drastically that the specific amount of change in bills).
We had 3 houses turnover from long term tenants, so we were able to increase the rent to market value. I prioritize keeping long term tenants, so I don’t always do rent increases. That means that sometimes the rent is stuck below market value, but I’d rather keep a good tenant than push them out with large annual rent increases.
By bringing those houses up to market rent, I’ve made up a good amount of our deficit. Now remember, these rent increases are catching up on multiple years of drastic increases. So even though it seems we’ve brought in more, we’re both making up for previous years that didn’t have such large rent increases and paying for more large scale improvements to these houses, in addition to larger contractor costs.
I have a tenant who, in the same day, told me that she couldn’t pay rent on time and asked whether she could buy the house. She said she paid $60,000 to me and that could have gone towards owning a house. While I understand the lump sum of what you paid being a pain point, owning a house isn’t that simple. I thought I’d break down a comparison of what she would have done to own this house versus her renting it over the last several years.
RENT HISTORY
Based on the proximity to Main St and the comps in the area, we went into the purchase expecting about $1,000 per month in rent. At the 1% Rule (where you set monthly rent at 1% of your purchase price), we should have been at $1,020. Knowing that it was October/November by the time we would get it rented (there aren’t as many people looking for a new rental in the Fall, after school has started and holiday activities are ramping up) we chose to list it at $975 and keep it below that 4 digit threshold. It sat for 3.5 weeks with hardly any activity, and we dropped it to $875. We found a tenant in under 2 weeks then, but we weren’t thrilled amount our cash flow on it.
The tenant’s lease started on November 1, 2019. Her rent was $875. My property manager incorrectly established a one-year term lease instead of an 18-month lease like she was supposed to, so we had to do a 6-month extension after the first year. Then in March 2021, we tried to increase the rent to $900, and she complained that due to the pandemic, she couldn’t afford that. We let it go and she renewed a year lease at $875.
Come February 2022, we were significantly under market value for rent and she hadn’t been a friendly tenant, so we were content pushing a raise to $950. If she didn’t want to pay that, she was free to leave and we would take the vacancy hit to fix it up and get it re-rented. She complained about the increase, and our property manager told her to take a few days to look around to see if she could find somewhere to rent that was at a price she would feel more comfortable with. She came back and said she couldn’t find anything and accepted the increase to $950.
Not including a few late fees she has owed over the last nearly-five-years, she’s paid us $52,850. While in total that appears to be a significant number, that number does not mean that you’d have $52k in equity in a home had you paid towards a mortgage.
OUR PURCHASE INFORMATION
We paid $102,000 for the house in 2019. We asked for several options for the loan structure. We asked about putting 20% versus 25% down, and whether the rate for a 15 year, 20 year, or 30 year loan would have the best rate. Going through those details is something I’ve done in the past, so for this purpose I’ll just note that we chose to put 25% down because then we didn’t need to “buy down” the rate. The rate for each loan length was 4.55%. With no incentive to do a shorter loan term (and therefore increase our monthly payment), we chose the 30 year term. I do want to note that our interest rate is higher than the average for 2019 (3.9%) because it was an investment property and not a loan for a primary residence.
Based on the 25% down and the closing costs, we had to come to the table with $26,589.12.
Our mortgage was $538.46, which includes escrow. We paid off this loan fairly soon after we closed on it, so we don’t have a monthly mortgage payment. However, I do need to plan for our current mortgage and insurance payments each year, which is currently over $2,000.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
To keep this more consistent in the message, note that the loan discussed will be based on the purchase price of $102,000.
First, you need to have favorable credit to qualify for the mortgage. In an example, the lowest credit score I could plug in was 620. However, in much of what I’ve read, anything below 680 is questionable on qualification. Our requirement to rent a property is to have a credit score of 600. Perhaps there are lenders that will process a mortgage if your credit score is below 620, but you’re going to pay a premium via the interest rate.
With a credit score of 780, say you’ll have a rate of 6%. But then with a score of 680, you’re looking at 6.5%. At 6%, your principal and interest payment (doesn’t include the escrow required) would be $599.19. At 6.5%, it goes to $631.69. That’s only $32.50 per month extra; over 30 years, that’s an extra $11,700 paid to the bank. I have some tenants where an extra $32 per month is a big deal.
Without at least 20% down on a loan, you’ll likely have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI). This amount could add a monthly premium to your mortgage payment anywhere from 0.2% to 6%. I did a quick calculator with the example of $102,000 purchase price, $3,060 down (typically the lowest available without any special loan structures is 3%), and a credit score of 620 (lowest it allowed). The PMI was calculated as $187 each month.
I mentioned that our final closing costs were over $26k. If I remove our down payment, that leaves $1,089 in closing costs. I will note though, that our contract had $2,000 in seller subsidy (a credit). Without that purchase agreement structure, that means your closing costs are actually $3,089. This means that you need to come to the table with $6,149. Buying a house is not like buying a car where you can roll all the costs into the loan, and I feel like people don’t realize this.
Your debt to income ratio also plays a factor in whether you can qualify and what your interest rate would be. So even with a decent credit score, you need to show a low debt-to-income ratio, meaning you can’t have your credit cards maxed out. The lender wants to see that you don’t have high monthly costs that would prevent you from paying your mortgage.
That brings me to the flexibility of paying rent. She paid $475 worth of August rent (due August 1st, with a grace period to August 5th before a late fee is owed) on August 20th. If you pay your mortgage late, there’s a late fee and it gets reported to the credit bureaus. Your late payment of rent doesn’t get reported to anyone. She also has the extra advantage that I’m willing to work with her on late payments. An apartment complex type owner is going to immediately file for eviction on the 6th without full rent payment, regardless of your story.
SUMMARY
While a mortgage payment of $538.46 looks favorable against a rent payment of $950, it’s not that simple. I was able to qualify for the mortgage, qualify for a favorable interest rate, and put significant money down.
If I add a premium to the rate we were able to get, assuming my tenant’s credit score is similar to what it was when she rented our house, and then add the PMI that would be applied by not having 20% down, then the mortgage payment (including escrow) would have been $903.02. PMI stays on the mortgage until you reach 78% loan to value ratio (unless you pay for an appraisal and can prove 80% earlier than that). That threshold in this example is $79,560. That principal balance would be achieved in over 11 years, which means you’ve paid $25,058 for essentially nothing.
Then on top of paying these premiums for the mortgage, she would need to pay for the maintenance of the property herself, which is included in my rent factors. I’ve paid over $3,000 for repairs and maintenance on the house over the last 5 years (which is fairly low). However, that includes a deck replacement that we did ourselves and probably would have cost $4,000 instead of the $400 we paid in materials.
So the next time you think that you could be paying half of your rent with a loan, know that you’re not looking at the whole story. There are many factors that go into a mortgage, especially the initial ability to qualify for such loan.
I was going to include this in a financial update post, but it was too long and complicated to include there. I really want this to be a lesson for anyone reading this – mostly on the renter end, but perhaps for a budding landlord as well. We tried really hard to work with the tenant, but we can’t work with someone who doesn’t communicate up front and doesn’t keep her word constantly. When using statements like “I need to keep the water and electricity on for my kids,” understand that the roof over their head isn’t a given. I’m a private landlord and be lenient, but an apartment complex type situation isn’t going to allow you to not pay for months on end; they’re going to file for eviction on the first day 6.
THE DETAILS
After this house was flooded by a tenant, we got it fixed up and on the market. The options at the time were limited; plenty of people were interested, but they weren’t qualified. The area called for $2,200, but I wanted it to move quickly, so we listed at $1600. The previous tenant was paying $1200, so this felt like a huge jump. No one qualified for the property. We had two options that were close enough to our requirements.
We chose a single mom who worked two jobs herself to be able to afford this place. Honestly, kudos to her for her effort. She lost both those jobs (we knew about one, but not both) and ran into some other troubles. She has worked hard to get herself back on track. I commend all that. She’s wonderful like that. Her communication (or lack thereof) was infuriating.
At the beginning of October, she said she’s back on track now with a steady income (replacing both jobs), but with all the outstanding bills, she’s going to need time to catch up. I’m a very understanding person and work with my tenants as long as they work with me. Instead of telling me WHEN I should expect to see payments, she left it open ended with “sometime in October.” I gave her the benefit of doubt. Then two Fridays passed with $0 paid. I asked for an update through our property manager.
On the 16th, she sent over $300 (after we had to ask for payment), and wrote, “I will be sending another payment this upcoming Friday and typically Fridays going forward.” Typically. She reiterated that October would be paid before the end of the month, and then she’d need about two weeks to pay November’s after that. She did pay $500 that following Friday, and then missed the next Friday.
My property manager had to follow up with her 3 times before she actually received an answer. The tenant claimed she had been too busy to respond. Excuse me, but keeping a roof over your head should be a priority in your life (this will be a theme). I asked for a payment plan instead of this open-ended concept of payment. On November 1st, she finally responded that she was going to pay $400-700 every Friday, going forward, unless she needed to pay other bills. Again. “I’ll pay you when I pay you, unless I don’t pay you.” This isn’t appropriate.
She paid $700, as goods and services, on November 3rd. All fees are the tenant’s responsibility, so now she owed another $15. She ended up sending $50 over that same day. At this point, it’s November 3rd, and she’s still $60+ short on October’s rent and $0 towards November. As expected, Friday November 10th came and went with no communication and no payment. She ended up sending an email in the early morning hours of the 11th stating she’s waiting on a deposit to clear, so she’ll pay something on Monday. She did pay that Monday. However, she had said she’d pay every Friday, and the 17th came and went with no payment. Again.
On the morning of the November 18th, I sent the notice of default. It said she had 5 days to pay the entire balance or we’d file for eviction. She threw a little tantrum, claiming she wanted to end her lease. It doesn’t work like that. My property manager had a good idea and was able to articulate our frustration sternly, yet professionally. The property manager said that “forgetting” and “life” getting in the way were not acceptable responses, and it was time to be responsible for herself and her bills, perhaps by setting alarms or utilizing her calendar for reminders. The offer included our waiving of December and January late fees ($160 each) if the tenant continued to pay every Friday without us having to follow up. I thought the incentive was great. The tenant then paid $700 on the 24th and $600 on 12/1. At that point, she was caught up on October and November (sans late fees though), while paying into December’s rent owed.
She paid the first two Fridays in December, missed the 22nd, and paid on the 29th. At the end of December, she had a balance owed of just over $500, which included all late fees, so that was a decent position. Then things went downhill again. She paid nothing until January 17th, and it was only $100 that day. She claimed an issue with the amount she was able to send over, but stopped trying. When we asked why she mentioned $400 in $50 increments, but only sent over $100, she acted like we did something wrong. Over the next week, she ended up sending $300. At the end of January, she owed $1,863.40.
TENANT VACATES THE PROPERTY
In mid-January, seeing that communication was getting worse, and payments weren’t even being made, we asked her to leave. I was really trying to get through February so that we’d have a more favorable market time to list it. She said she didn’t want to leave. That’s a bold statement from someone who owes a lot. On January 25th, we sent her the 5 day notice until eviction document, which showed her balance due. We offered her the ability to leave the house by the end of the month with minimal damages, and we’d just keep her security deposit. Her initial response was that she wants to finish interviews she has scheduled, and she didn’t want to leave.
Within 24 hours, she decided she did want to leave. For the first time in all of this, she fully explained her situation. She gave good reason to have until February 4th to leave (instead of the end of January). We allowed it, but she’d be responsible for those days of rent in February.
As a final goodbye, she told us she would be able “to make another payment that first week of February.” As I suspected, she meant the week of February 5th, and not the 1st or 2nd. She didn’t pay. On February 9th, she “kindly” asked for an extension for the final payment, since she was expecting her tax refund in the next two weeks.
I don’t need to tell you at this point – two weeks came and went. She did end up paying over $500 on 2/29 though. That was more than I ever expected. I don’t know how she arrived at her number (she did email an explanation, but the numbers didn’t add up), but I’m accepting it.
TURNOVER
She actually left the house in great condition. She had sticking LED light strips in a bedroom that said they were easily removed. However, when she removed them, paint came with it. I had to have someone touch that up. She bought blinds, but didn’t hang them, for ones that were damaged (she had asked us to pay for them when she first moved in, so that was a nice gesture to uphold the integrity of the request), so I had to have someone do that. Then I paid someone to clean the house, which is normal. Overall, she was difficult to communicate with, but I do believe she meant well.
BACKGROUND & EXPECTATIONS
I have a track record of being very lenient and very understanding. I promise. I can provide lots of examples where I’ve let people know to take their time, prioritize back to school necessities, waive the late fee, etc. I can not work with you if you don’t talk to me. I don’t know what you need. I don’t know you as a person and whether you’re “good for it.” I need to know your expectations, needs, and plan. Talk to me without me hunting you down for information. I don’t know where I’ve said this before in this blog, but I’m positive you can find that or a very similar statement made throughout. Understand that in nearly all other scenarios, a landlord is not going to be patient for 4 full months to try to get you to pay rent owed.
She said phrases to me that were generally that she has kids so keeping the water and electricity current is her priority (isn’t keeping a roof over their heads equally important?), or that she asked for grace and patience (what have I been doing? I could have issued you the first step of the eviction process on October 6th, and I didn’t, even though you didn’t pay a penny towards rent until the 16th). It’s things like that get under my skin and make my efforts feel unappreciated, making not want to work with you going forward. Take the time to acknowledge how gracious I HAVE been, that I have bills to pay in addition to you having bills to pay, that I deserve to be given regular updates and information without having to follow up and beg for information.
My property manager says “she’s young” and “she’s learning.” There have been learning opportunities, but it’s also not my role to mentor a tenant on how to be an upstanding citizen and uphold your commitments. There were two other late rent moments this summer where my property manager said that if there’s any issues with rental payment, we need to know ASAP, without us having to make phone calls or send emails. My property manager reiterated this expectation on October 31st over the phone – don’t miss a Friday rent payment, assume we know you’re not paying anything, and leave it at that (I already played the “benefit of doubt” game through October when we received $0 for half the month).
LESSON
Communicate with the landlord. Don’t put the landlord in a position where they’re having to keep track of your financials and whether you’re paying timely. Pay regularly or communicate up front. All of my leases state that rent is due without demand. My having to regularly ask for an update or why you haven’t paid a single penny halfway through a month is not in any realm an acceptable way of doing business.
Renters need to understand that landlords have bills to pay. Those bills (that mortgage) are not as lenient as I’m trying to be with you. If I don’t pay my mortgage, there’s a late fee and it’s immediately reported on my credit. They also don’t accept partial payments. If I don’t pay for long enough, it becomes a foreclosure. As a tenant, you don’t know if I have funds to cover that payment. Assume I don’t. If I don’t pay my mortgage, the house is foreclosed, and you’re kicked out anyway. You’re getting by without any credit hits, as you’re now two to four months behind on rent. I’m floating mortgage payments on your behalf. Lucky for you, I’m on top of my credit and paying these bills even if you’re not paying me, but that isn’t an assumption you should make.
Your actions have consequences. You can mitigate those consequences by upholding your word and keeping in regular communication on what’s happening (again, up front, not after the deadline passes).
The day that’s in the contract as the closing date.
I truly can’t believe how many people have asked some form of this question in my life recently. While I’ve had multiple in person conversations on this topic, this post really stemmed from a Facebook post. “Is it an expectation for people to be moved out of their home the day of closing when buying a home? We sold our house, and are moving into a new home that we’re supposed to close the same day. Is there not a grace period?” What would that grace period be? How would the timing be determined?
On one side, I see the “closing date” section of a Kentucky contract simply states, “The closing of this transaction shall occur on the ___ day of ________________, 20__.” That’s quite useless actually (as I consistently find in KY law and legal documents). There’s a lot to be inferred by that statement, versus it being explicitly and clearly stated. On the contrary (as this has gone many times over), Virginia wins out.
In the paragraph before this image, it states where closing shall occur and by what date. This excerpt clearly indicates the purpose of “closing,” leaving little room for interpretation.
However, if we take a step back from the legal jargon and contractual obligations, whether explicit or inferred, we can see the logic. If you’re the buyer, once you sign the paperwork to purchase the house, wouldn’t you expect the keys to be handed over to you right then so you can start moving in and living in this house you just paid for? Wouldn’t you want the sellers out of the house because they’re no longer financially responsible for the house, and you don’t want any liabilities of their damage (intentional or accidental) to fall on your hands? You’ve done a final walk through and signed off that the house was in the condition you expected it to be in at that point in time.
Now this isn’t to say that there aren’t other terms and conditions that can be agreed to between both parties. “Lease back” or “rent back” clauses are commonly used. Sometimes it’s beneficial for a buyer to process the transaction (e.g., a rate lock expiration), but they allow the seller to remain in the home for an agreed-upon period of time (e.g., to bridge a gap before their new house is ready/available). But all of these terms are to be agreed to, in writing, before the closing date.
When we just sold our last house, we allowed the buyers to store things in the garage. We entered into a contract separate from the house purchase contract, called a “Preclosing Occupancy Agreement.” I haven’t needed one of these in Virginia, so I don’t know their standard form, but KY’s form does well here. The document outlines the date the buyer can take occupancy and whether there’s a charge for it. There were other items that outlined incidentals, such as utilities. In our case, the buyers were simply asking for garage space to put some of their belongings (because they had a same-day-closing for their sale and purchase), so we didn’t require them to put any utilities in their name before the sale.
BRIDGE LOAN
I can understand the complaint. Financially, you likely need to sell your current home to afford a new home. The “cash” from your sale is what you’ll use as your downpayment, as most people don’t have 20% of $400k sitting in a savings account (nor should you!). That makes the option to buy the house, take a day or two or seven to empty out your old house, and then sell your house not feasible.
There’s such a thing called a bridge loan. It’s a short-term loan used to purchase assets until long-term financing can be secured. There are more fees and high interest rates associated with this. However, it could be worth it to save the hassle of Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). PMI is required in many cases where you cannot provide 20% as a downpayment for a house purchase. It protects the lender in case you don’t make your mortgage payments. PMI is removed when your principal balance falls below 80% of the original value of your home, whether that’s through regular mortgage payments or you make additional principal only payments. You can request PMI be removed earlier than that if you provide proof that your home value has caused your principal balance to now be less than 80% of the value, which is typically proven through an appraisal at your cost. If you put 0% down on a $400,000 purchase, it would take almost 12 years of payments before your loan reached 80% of the original home value. That’s 12 years that you’re paying PMI on top of your mortgage payment, and those are funds that are doing nothing productive to your net worth. A bridge loan may be worth it if you already have a sale date on your current house and only need to cover a few days or weeks.
SUMMARY
Logistically, it would be great if you could buy your new home, move all your things, and then sell your current home. Financially, this isn’t normally feasible. A lot of the time, you’re needing the equity you have tied up in your current home to purchase your next home.
Our first purchase was made up of two 401k loans (that we maxed as residential loans, which are penalty free), a gift from parents because we were short just a few thousand dollars, and cash on hand. We needed about $80k. Our second transaction, we chose a new build house. We sold our house, went into a rental for 3 months, and then used the sale money to purchase. Our third transaction was also a new build. We hopped AirBnBs until that got old with a 6 month old and 2 year old, and then crashed in Mr. ODA’s parents’ basement. We had 7 weeks between selling our house and purchasing the new one, so the cash from the sale went into our account, and we let it sit there until we needed it to close. Then this current purchase was actually done before we sold our third house, but we had executed a Home Equity Line of Credit prior to the sale. We used the HELOC to put the down payment on the current house, and then the sale of our third house paid off the mortgage and HELOC before distributing the cash balance to us. In all of these transactions, we had the ability to float the funds. That allowed us the ability to house our belongings in “long term” storage (not a day or two) for those two times we had a gap between the sale and purchase. The HELOC allowed us to slowly move our belongings to the new house this last time, and then we did a final moving day of all our big items just before closing (our current house needed work when we bought it, so we didn’t move right away).
But in all cases, unless there’s a separate document indicating so, the closing date of a transaction is the date that you give or take possession of the property. If you were buying, you wouldn’t want to take the risk of the previous owners messing with something in a property you now own. If you were selling, the buyers would have the same expectation.
I keep updating my investment property tracking spreadsheet to reflect the current costs of insurance and taxes. My tracking shows last year’s amount, which I use as an indicator on whether I need to look further into this year’s bill (e.g., is the amount a reasonable increase?). For so many years, most of our insurance policies changed by a few dollars; now, I’m seeing large swings in what’s being charged. Where jurisdictions were slow to change property assessments, they’re now catching up, which increases the taxes.
As a renter, your rent is increasing to cover these costs of the landlord/owner. Here’s a comparison of my fixed cost increases against my rent rate increases. As you’ll see, I’m not trying to get top dollar out of these properties because the market has increased so much (and that leaves me more exposed if someone doesn’t pay their rent on time). My rent increases barely cover the cost increases that are happening on some of these houses. Remember that while I’m showing fixed costs, this isn’t covering the maintenance calls that I receive and how they’re more expensive than they once were also.
ESCROW, CONCEPTUALLY
In most cases, for a traditional mortgage, an escrow account is set up. It calculates your taxes and insurance payments for the year, divides by twelve, and is added to your principal and interest payment for the mortgage. In addition to covering the total payments to be made, there’s also a requirement that the balance of the account never falls below twice the required monthly payment.
If your taxes owed for a year are $1500, and the insurance is $300, then your monthly breakdown is $150 ($1500+$300=$1800; $1800/12=$150). The minimum monthly required balance is $300 (twice the $150).
As taxes and insurance increase each year (typically), there’s an analysis done to ensure the projected monthly balance never falls below that $300 threshold. If the balance is projected to fall below the required minimum amount, then it triggers an increase in your escrow payment. Your escrow payment will increase to cover the shortfall, but also to cover the new projected costs to be paid. So while you may be offered the ability to make a one-time payment to cover the shortfall, your mortgage payment may still increase to cover the projected costs. For example, if last year, your tax payment increased to $1750, and your insurance to $350, then your monthly payment to cover those charges is $175 ($1750+350=$2100; $2100/12=$175). Your mortgage will increase by $25 per month because now your escrow agent knows the projected costs to cover are higher.
The analysis uses the current year’s amounts owed to project the coming year’s monthly balances; it doesn’t account for the probability that these amounts increase each year, which essentially means that there’s perpetually a shortfall. In other words, while in Year3, they know that there was an increase in costs from Year1 to Year2, they don’t inflate the costs of Year2 to cover Year3 projected payments.
I prefer to not have an escrow, but at this point, for any mortgages we have, they’re all escrowed. We have six of thirteen houses with escrow. While I pay more as my mortgage to feed into that escrow account, it means I don’t have to manage the annual or semi-annual payments. On the contrary, this means I need to be managing our finances to prepare for large outlays throughout the year on seven houses (in the last quarter of the year, I’m paying out over $8,000 to cover taxes owed).
ESCROW REANALYSIS
This post was prompted by a notification that an escrow reanalysis was done on a mortgage that was just transferred to a new company. I thought that their break down was the most clear I’ve seen. A quick note – your escrow will pay the bills that come due, regardless of the balance in the account, even if it means it’ll overdraw the account.
They clearly showed that the anticipated property taxes are projected at $199 per month (although, I’ll reiterate that this is based on last year’s actual outlay numbers, which aren’t accurate for the coming year). Then they show that the taxes are $43.08 per month. They then go as far to show the total of these two required outlays. There’s verbiage that explains the required minimum in the account must be twice the total taxes and insurance ($242.08 * 2 = $484.16).
There’s another detailed breakdown of each month’s escrow income and outlay (that I don’t have pictured here) that shows the month that is projected to fall below the required minimum. That month’s account balance is -$136.37. The difference between the required amount of $484.16 and the negative balance of $136.37 is $620.53 (pictured above). When that’s broken down by month, it’s $51.71. Take the total taxes and insurance payments and add the shortage amount to get the new monthly escrow amount of $293.79, a change from $222.25.
Below, they show you that there is no change in the principal and interest payment, then it shows how the current escrow payment is adjusted to the new escrow payment, along with the shortage amount.
I created this table to show the differences between escrow payments over the two years. I kept the houses that don’t have an escrow because it can be compared to a future table in this post. There is no House5 in this table because we sold it several years ago (houses didn’t get renumbered because House5 still exists in terms of tax documentation).
TAX AND INSURANCE UPDATES
Each year, we see an increase in these amounts. Usually it’s across the board, but Kentucky districts had kept the housing assessments the same through the pandemic. As housing prices increase, your property assessment can be increased by your tax jurisdiction. The assessment increasing leads to an increase in taxes. This is why people getting excited that house prices in their neighborhood are selling higher than expected isn’t great if you’re not planning on selling any time soon; those increases in values means you’re paying higher in taxes.
In Richmond, VA, the property taxes are $1.20 per each $100 of the assessed value. In 2022, House2’s value $163,000. In 2023, the value was increased to $203,000. And let’s not forget that we purchased the house for $117,000. While it’s nice that the home values in the neighborhood are increasing significantly (and we knew the area was going to get better and better based on development happening), we can’t realize this gain until (and if) we sell. So in the meantime, we’re paying higher taxes on this amount. Although, I suppose the assessment could be even higher because the actual value of this house is probably more like $260,000.
Among 13 houses (don’t get confused – there’s no House5 up there because we sold it), I need to cover a total cost increase for taxes and insurances of over $4,500. This doesn’t include the higher costs of trades people if there are any maintenance calls, so this increase is the bare minimum for me to keep my same income.
RENT INCREASES
I constantly see complaints about the cost of rent, or that a landlord is increasing rent. Unless we’re looking for a tenant to move, our general philosophy is to increase rent $50 every two years. This worked fine because home assessments increased at a slow, reasonable rate until recent years. Now jurisdictions are capturing these larger increases based on those inflated sale numbers when competition was high in from 2020 through 2022.
In some cases, the rent for the area brought it in a higher amount than compared to our purchase price of a house. In those cases, we went several years without increasing the rent. Looking back, that probably wasn’t the best idea because now we’re behind on capturing how significant these last few year’s fixed costs have increased. However, the trade off to that is that we’ve kept great tenants in the house, haven’t had to pay to turnover the unit, and have minimal maintenance calls.
This table shows the total increase in insurance and tax payments from 2022 to 2023 in the first column. I divided that by 12 to get the monthly amount of that increase (second column). Then, since I said we typically increase our rent by $50 every two years for the same tenant, I multiplied that monthly amount by 2. I’m showing that if we want to only increase rent on long term tenants every other year, then I need to plan ahead on how much my costs are increasing.
This isn’t a perfectly accurate capturing of our cost increases since I’m not going back to 2021 to capture those changes in amounts, but it’s a general estimate. This shows that if I were to increase all houses by only $50 every two years, it’s cutting into my bottom line. Only 6 of the houses have increases less than $50 for two years.
SETTING THE RENTAL RATE
Let’s pause and talk about “bottom line.” Landlords have investment properties to make a profit. They’re looking for an income stream.
I regularly hear people say they can own a house for less than their rent, which is likely if you’re speaking only on principal and interest of a loan. However, you need to qualify for that loan. You may not have 20% down, so you may be required to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI). You may not have good credit, which means you’re probably going to pay a higher interest rate than I’m currently paying. You need to be able to cover taxes and insurance, which means you’ll have an escrow account set up, which increases your monthly mortgage payment. Then there’s all the other costs of home ownership.
That’s where people forget. When your hot water goes out, you call me. I spend $1,500 for about 2 hours worth of someone’s work to replace that. When you have a water leak, I spend $3,000 for a day’s worth of 2 plumbers’ work. When a storm drops a tree on your house, I’m the one spending hours on the phone with insurance, finding a contractor, getting quotes, and paying the contractor $3,700 before I get insurance reimbursement. Those are the big unexpected expenses. That doesn’t include all those smaller plumbing problems that cost $200 or $500 at a time.
Then in some cases, I probably put time and money into the house to even get it ready to rent to you. I didn’t always buy a house that was ready to live in. You may have projects that need to be done when you first move in also, so which costs money. Those are expenses that I’m trying to recoup through my rent rate also.
There may be other costs to my ownership that I’m trying to recoup through the rent, such as property management. I may have to pay someone else 10% of the rent, every month. I am projecting that there are going to be costs that I need to pay for also (e.g., water heater, roof replacement, plumbing issues). When I need to pay a plumber $3,000, I’m not coming to the tenant to say “I now need $3,000 to cover this cost.” Instead, I’ve set my rental rate the expect such a large payout on my part.
Not only am I trying to make sure that my rent is set at the right about to cover the costs that I’m putting into owning and maintaining the house, I’m also hoping that I’m going to make some money off owning this house so that I can live. I don’t get to pay myself for the hours I put into managing the property. Whether or not I have a property manager, there is still time that I put into managing the houses. Would you want to work for free?
BACK TO RENT INCREASES
While we manage each house individually on setting the rates (asking ourselves: do we think the tenant can absorb the increase, do we have to increase to cover actual costs now), this shows that our monthly income was increased by $475. If you look back at our total monthly increase in expenses of just taxes and insurance, it’s about $375; add in the cost increases for property management (increased rent means increased fees because fees are based on the rent price), and our fixed costs went up $415. On a whole, we’ve offset the increases.
However, you can see if we had one or two houses, some of those increases could be significant. House3 is costing us $64 more for each month, but our increases are typically about $50 at a time. We’ve had the same tenant in this house since we bought it. A $50 increase every two years hasn’t kept up with our costs. Since we have other houses, it helps cover the costs on House3.
House2 and House3 are identical in layout. House2 has been upgraded to all LVP, whereas House3 has carpet everywhere except the kitchen and bathrooms (granted, it’s new carpet two years ago). Since we purchased these two homes with tenants, rent was already set for us. House3 has been the same tenant since we bought the house, and the increases have brought us to $1200 per month in rent. House2 has been turned over 3 times: the first was a divorced lady who moved back in with her ex-husband; the second was there for several years, but we began having a lot of issues with her, and we told her the lease was up; the third was the one who flooded the house in December, and causing the need for the fourth. Now we’re renting that house at its market value of $1600. That means House3 is operating at a much lower rent than we could get if we rented to new tenants. However, the tenants are wonderful, and we’ve purposely not raised the rent on them in significant ways because we don’t want to cause them to move.
SUMMARY
Cost increases in rental properties can be significant over the years. With the rising costs of all goods and services, property values weren’t immune. The increase in property values leads to an increase in an assessment, which means an increase in taxes. That cost is relayed to the tenant, as this is a for-profit business. I’m trying to make an income for my family with rental properties.
I’m not trying to price gouge tenants, but make a fair living based on the costs of owning these houses. My first goal is to not turnover tenants, so I do what I can to make my tenants happy by taking care of the houses and not creating drastic rent increases each year. Secondly, I’m not going to set a price that my tenant can’t afford, thereby putting me in a hard position where I don’t have rent paid. Having multiple properties helps to offset the costs so I don’t have to play catch up on one or two houses worth of higher expenses, by putting my long-term tenants in an uncomfortable position where they can’t afford the rent.
*This post was started in November 2022, but our son was born 3 weeks early (and on Thanksgiving), so it fell off my radar for a long time while I caught back up. Let’s dive in now.
We sold our primary home at the beginning of November to move a half hour away and closer to family. It was a new construction home, and we purposely sold when we did to avoid capital gains taxes. If you call it your primary residence for 2 of the last 5 years, you’re exempt from capital gains. Considering the market over the last two years (2020-2022), we were slated to owe a hefty penny if we sold before that 2 year mark.
Had we sold earlier or perhaps waited for the spring, we could have made more. Instead, we opted to be rid of the home, not try to rent, and be able to have that behind us. We were extremely fortunate that we were under contract by the end of the first weekend we listed. The market had cooled significantly from the multi-bid, exorbitant pricing, with appraisal waiving language days.
We only had 2 showings. The first politely let us know they wanted a walk-out basement. We had an amazing basement with 9′ ceilings and no soffits, but it didn’t have a door due to the floodplain. We don’t really understand why, but the backyard was definitely low enough for it to have been a walk out basement. It was one of the red flags that made me uncomfortable living there, along with a long delay for construction on our lot and a few around us due to extensive sink hole surveying. The second showing made us an offer 10k below asking. We sort of split the difference at $495k, and they accepted.
There were several houses listed in that neighborhood for weeks after we closed, that were listed the same weekend as us, so I am eternally grateful that the stars aligned for what we wanted/needed.
PROCEEDS CALCULATION
We purchased the home for $346,793 in November 2020. The contracted purchase price when we sold was $495,000, which was completed in November 2022. That’s a difference of $148,207, but that’s not “take away” money.
As the seller, you’re typically responsible for paying out the Realtor commissions. They’re typically 6%. We asked our Realtor if she would drop it to 5% (buyers agent gets 3%, sellers agent gets 2%) since we had drawn up our purchase contract sight unseen and this was the 4th commission based transaction she had from us in less than 2 years. She agreed. I truly don’t like asking someone to take a lower commission, but due to there being several transactions in a short period of time, many not even needing much effort (showings, phone calls, etc.), I accepted Mr. ODA’s plea to ask. That comes to $24,750 paid in Realtor commissions.
We then have to pay off any loans that used that property as collateral. We had a mortgage and a Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC). We had put 20% down on the purchase, so the mortgage had about $266k left as the balance. The HELOC had been used for a couple of other things than just the down payment on a new home, and it didn’t require principal payments on it while we had it, so that balance was about $86k.
We walked away from the closing table with about $117,000 after tax offsets and such.
PAST DETERMINATIONS FOR WHAT TO DO WITH THE PROCEEDS
In July 2012, we purchased our first home for $380,000. We put 20% down; it was a foreclosure, but the only work we had to do was on the main floor bathroom. When we sold that home Fairfax, VA for $442,500 in October 2015, we paid off a car loan and bought our second two rental properties in Richmond, VA. The car loan was only at 0.9% interest, so it didn’t meet Mr. ODA’s requirements to pay down loans with higher interest rates, but it did alleviate one monthly payment I had to manage. The irony of that statement, now that I manage 14 houses worth of payments all year. We also used those proceeds to put 20% down on the purchase of a new primary home outside of Richmond, which had a purchase price of $359,743. We paid off House1’s mortgage because the loan had a balloon payment that we needed to be ahead of.
When we sold that Richmond home for $399,000 in September 2020, we took about $109k away. We used those proceeds to put 20% down on the purchase of our new home, at $346,793, outside of Lexington, KY. We paid off House4, House6, and House13. Since paying towards a mortgage and not paying it off doesn’t change your monthly cash flow, we focused on where we could eliminate a mortgage payment. We’ve since paid off House11 and House12. House12 had a high interest rate, so we were interested in eliminating that as fast as possible, even though we were paying for it with a partner.
WHERE DID THE MONEY GO THIS TIME
We purchased our current primary home last summer and put work into it. Since we purchased it before selling our house, we used a HELOC to pay for the down payment. That meant that when we walked away from the closing table, the money we were putting in our bank account had no distinct purpose (like in the previous cases where we had to use some of the sale proceeds to buy another primary house).
The first thing we did was open a high yield savings account. At the time, it was necessary because our savings account wasn’t paying market rate. I remember Mr. ODA complaining that interest rates on loans were increasing, but it wasn’t being shown on savings interest side. He found a high yield savings account that gave a sign on bonus (we like that ‘free’ money!). We put $50,000 into that account, earning over 4% interest. The money in that account was removed and put into our regular savings account, which is now earning over 4%.
Since the money didn’t have a purpose, we needed to get it into the market. If we put it all in the market at once, then we’re subject to a lot more fluctuation. To hedge our volatility, we planned to schedule regular investments. It seemed crazy to me, but our financial advisor and Mr. ODA decided on $5,000 per week. That would take 20 weeks to accomplish. To my chagrin, this was set up as an auto transfer. Even with a large balance sitting in the account, it didn’t hurt any less watching $5,000 every week be taken out. This plan didn’t last long though because Mr. ODA found Treasury accounts that act as short term certificates of deposit. My next post will go into this in more detail.
Not an immediate need, and we didn’t rush to buy something for the sake of buying it, but we earmarked about $20k for the purchase of a new van. I love the van we bought in 2019 (which was a used 2017), but it had a few kinks in it. I also felt pretty good about the deal I got on it. However, I didn’t put the time into test driving and looking at this van that I really should have because one of us had to stay in the show room with the kids while the other went for a drive. I also know what I’m looking for in a used car now (that was our first used car experience), versus buying a brand new car that hadn’t been driven by others. It helped that I was looking to buy the same exact van, just newer, so I know how it’s supposed to work and what to test. We ended up finding a van about 2 hours away from us in early 2023. We’re almost a year into this van, and I absolutely love it.
In the back of our minds, we’re still looking for another rental property. There’s an area in town near us that would work for short term rentals, which I’d like to dabble in. We have seriously considered a few, but interest rates have shot it down. A 1500 square foot house, with a $200,000 mortgage, comes to a monthly payment (of just principal and interest) of about $1,400. That’s just not good margins with such high interest on it. We’ll keep an open mind, but so far it isn’t panning out.
SUMMARY
Our savings account is currently earning 4.22%. Mr. ODA is also managing that balance by using the short-term Treasury bills. Since we started with the Treasury bills, we’ve made about $500, which is on top of the interest we’ve earned to date on the savings account, which is over $1600.
We started off with paying the mortgage that had a balloon payment. It was a commercial type loan, so it was amortized over 30 years, but was really only a 5 year loan. We decided to pay it off instead of re-mortgaging it at the end of the 5 years. After we took care of the balloon payment approaching, we started paying off mortgages where we could eliminate a payment (we had multiple houses with $30-60k worth of a balance), and then moved onto paying off high interest rate mortgages (for reference, a high interest rate was 5% … which is much different than today’s mortgage rates being “good” at 7.5%). We went through the process to refinance several mortgages, so we’re at a point where we’re happy with the mortgages that are left. If we wanted 100% cash flow, we’d start paying towards principal balances. However, we don’t feel that’s necessary for our current situation. We have 6 mortgages left (including our personal residence) out of 14 houses.
We definitely are more hands on with our money management than most people are going to be interested in. Now that we’re happy with our mortgage situation, we are focused on the interest side of our money working for us. With multiple Treasury bills that are reinvested for short periods of time (4 week and 8 week bills), then we’re able to earn quick interest while we don’t have a purpose for that money.
One of our houses has a balloon payment again (commercial loan). That will come due in about 3.5 years. Considering what current interest rates are, it doesn’t appear that refinancing is as enticing as just paying off the balance or selling the house. We’ll have to keep that in mind as we work on investments and having enough liquid cash over the coming years, because that loan’s balance is going to be about $173k at the end of the 5 year term.
For now, we’re in a good money management state with several short term bills and a savings account rate over 4%.
Surprisingly, I didn’t cover all our houses in posts last year. I was going to say, “let’s finish this up,” but we’ve since purchased #14! This is a long post. I tried to separate the stories, but since they were part of the same purchase, it was too convoluted to decide which story went with which house.
We spent the summer of 2019 living in Lexington, KY. Mr. ODA took a temporary job for 3 months, and we spent our summer looking for more rental properties to try another market. The housing costs in central Kentucky were less than central Virginia, but the rental rates were also lower.
We drove around with our Realtor for quite some time. We were hoping to find a multi-door complex. However, 4-8 door units have just not been well taken care of. We take care of our houses, and I didn’t want to inherit all the deferred maintenance of a poor landlord. Many of the places had long-term tenants, so there wouldn’t be a vacancy to ease getting work done either. Additionally, there were several that we saw where the tenant was home, smoking and telling us all that was wrong with the property. It was abysmal.
So after searching through many other options, we settled on two houses at the same time.
FIRST OFFER
Mr. ODA actually made an offer on a house in Winchester that I hadn’t seen. It was a large house that had been converted into 2 units. Mr. ODA and our Realtor went after work one day, and it wasn’t worth me packing up the baby and driving a half hour to meet them for one house. However, I did get to see some of it because I took on the home inspection appointment. Since I had never walked through the house, it was easy for me to objectively see the information on the inspection and convince Mr. ODA to walk away. There was just too many big-ticket items (e.g., not enough head room for stairs, water damage not properly cleaned up in multiple rooms, several code violations) and deferred maintenance that it wasn’t worth us putting the money into it. The tenants were sitting on the porch smoking during the inspection, and I didn’t love the idea of inherited tenants that were allowed to smoke in the house.
SECOND OFFER
I can’t tell the history of these purchases without this gem of a story. Mr. ODA found a house that was in a decent shape in Winchester.
Aside: We focused on Winchester because while the rent income was low, the housing cost was also low. Whereas in Lexington, the rent was low, but the housing prices were higher.
We made an offer on the house. In the offer, it lists the seller’s name. It was a State Senator! When we sent over the offer, the seller’s agent agreed to our details, but asked for a pre-approval letter before he’d sign. The amount of weight the people in Kentucky put on a pre-approval letter is absurd, in my opinion. We went through the effort to get the letter and send it over. About that same time, the seller’s agent said someone else came in with a better offer, so we could either submit our highest and best offer, or lose the deal. The sketchiness of the action floored us.
The house had been on the market for a month. We had a verbal agreement (that had even been put in writing, but not yet signed). What are the odds that someone came in at the same time as us with an offer over asking for a house on the market a month? We called his bluff, and we were wrong.
THIRD AND FORTH OFFERS – UNDER CONTRACT
In August 2019, we went under contract on two houses in Winchester, KY.
Property12 had been owner occupied and flipped to sell. The owner had lived there long enough that she wouldn’t Docusign the contract, and we had to wait for her to initial, sign, and date all the pages by hand. The house had been listed for 36 days when we made the offer. It was listed at $115,000, and we went under contract at $112,000 with $2,000 in seller subsidy (closing costs) on 8/7. It’s a 3 bed, 2 bath ranch at 1120 sf.
We received the home inspection on 8/14. We asked for the items below to be addressed, or to take $1000 off the purchase price. They agreed to fix the issues.
Property13 had been listed for nearly 3 months before we made an offer. It had been most recently listed at $105,500. Our offer was for $102,000 with $2,000 seller subsidy. We also included the following requirement in the contract: Seller agrees to remediate the water and mold in the crawl space, fix the down spout next to the crawl space door so that it channels the water away from the home, replace the missing gutter on the front of the house, and repair the rotted facia and sheathing on the front of the house.
Additionally, we had a home inspection on the house and identified the following items for them to repair.
Getting the sellers to identify that these items were done before closing was not an easy task. We checked the day that closing was originally schedule for and noted that several things were not complete.
Then, at 7:30 pm the night before closing (which had already been delayed a week), we received one receipt identifying a couple of things were done. Eventually we received documentation that it was taken care of.
LOAN DETAILS
The options we typically ask for when considering the direction of our loan are as follows.
We chose the 25% down – 30 yr fixed option for both properties. Our goal is to not pay points, so that led us to the 25% down options. Since there was no incentive to take a shorter term (thereby increasing your monthly mortgage payments and decreasing your cash flow), we chose the 30 year option.
These loans were originated in September 2019. We processed multiple cash-out-refinances on some of our properties in December 2021; we used it to pay off about $66k on Property12 and about $74k on Property13.
LOAN PROCESSING & DELAYED CLOSING
We had a lender that we loved in Virginia. She couldn’t cover loans in Kentucky, but the company itself had a branch that could do it. She referred us to someone in Kentucky. It was the worst experience I’ve had in closings. Our closings are always annoyingly stressful in that last week, but this was bad throughout the month and then bad enough that our closing was delayed a week – completely due to the loan officer’s inability to manage the loan.
We had multiple issues over the course of the week we initiated our relationship just accessing the disclosures. They kept telling us to sign things we didn’t receive, or they’d tell us our access code and then when I say it doesn’t work, act like they never told us different information and give new information.
On August 16, I had to tell the loan officer that one of the addresses was wrong. THE ADDRESS. On August 26, we received conditional approval of our loan from underwriting. On August 27, we received our appraisal with no issues noted. But at that point, our August 30 closing was delayed a week already.
That’s where the problem was – our appraisal was ordered late, had to be rushed, and still didn’t make it in time for them to develop the Closing Disclosure (CD) and get us to a closing on August 30. The loan officer never once acknowledged that he ordered the appraisals late, causing this delay. It took asking for timelines from his supervisor, and piecing together emails we had on hand, to show that it was his fault.
On August 29, I finally made contact with the loan officer’s supervisor and was rerouted to someone else to get the job done. I had to repeat all of our issues and the errors that were found on the CDs.
On September 3, I was given disclosures that were still wrong. The new loan officer claimed that what she put in the system was correct, so she wasn’t sure what was wrong, causing me to once again outline all the errors.
On September 4, I was asked for more documentation that wasn’t caught during underwriting. I was furious.
On September 5, I gave up talking to our lender about issues on the CD and spoke directly to the Title Attorney’s office, who was much more knowledgable and responsive. Here’s an example of what I’m questioning when I look over a CD. Some of these seem small (e.g., $4 difference, $25 difference), but you can see how these add up, both on a single transaction and when we’re processing several homes in one year. Not to mention – why pay more for something than you were quoted or you’re supposed to?
Another surprise that came our way was a “Seller Agent Fee” for $149 per transaction. At no point in time was an additional fee disclosed to us by our Realtor. A typical transaction has 6% commission paid by the seller, which is traditionally split 3% and 3% for the buyer and seller representation. Being that these were Rentals #12 and 13, in addition to 2 personal residences we had purchased, imagine the surprise when we, as buyers, were being charged for representation. We questioned why this wasn’t disclosed to us up front as a Re/Max requirement, and it was taken off our CD.
CLOSING DAY
I had planned to leave town the Friday after the original closing date because that was the last date that we had our apartment. I didn’t want to move me and the baby into my in-laws house and continue the poor sleep we had been dealing with by not being at home. So even though closing was delayed, I left. Mr. ODA had to be my power of attorney. He had to sign his name, write a blurb, and then sign my name on ALL those papers that are part of a closing….. times two. Eek. I didn’t know that at the time (but baby went back to sleeping perfectly once we were home, so it was worth my sanity 🙂 ).
At 11:30 am on closing day, the lender claimed that the power of attorney documents (from the lawyer…) were not complete enough to be counted as filed on their end. I appreciated the snip from the attorney when questioned.
I always wondered why tv shows always showed both at the closing table with a ceremonious passing of the key. We’ve had our share of weird closings (in a closet, in a parking lot, at our dining room table), but we never sat at the table with the seller in Virginia. We were so confused about how specific the closing attorney was being about the closing time options, and then we found out that the seller and buyer are at the table together in Kentucky. The seller for Property12 was so rude to Mr. ODA through the transaction! She kept grilling him on whether he addressed the utilities. The seller shouldn’t be allowed to talk to the buyer! We’ve since been able to process 3 transactions in Kentucky and avoid the seller at the table, but I’d like to advocate that Kentucky move away from this buyer/seller meeting process!
RENTAL HISTORIES
Property12 was listed at $895 on 10/2. Based on my birds-eye-view of the area, I thought $1000 was going to be easy to rent it at. Based on the 1% Rule that we had followed in Virginia, we should have a goal of $1,100 per month. However, we were trying for a Fall lease, which is more difficult than a Spring lease, so I thought listing at $995 would get quick movement instead of letting it sit for too long. Our property manager disagreed. She also said we were limited our pool of candidates by not allowing smokers; but, the whole house is carpeted and I was not budging on that.
We found a tenant on October 16 and allowed her to move in right away, but not start paying rent until November 1 if she agreed to an 18 month lease (we really wanted to be on a Spring renewal going forward). That was an unfortunate blow to our expectations – nearly two whole months without rental income on a house we didn’t need to do any work to.
We increased rent to $950 as of 6/1/2022 after no previous increases.
Property13 was listed for rent at $995 with no movement. We dropped to $875 and offered free October rent for however long was remaining in the month. A lease was established on 10/18/2019. Our property manager was supposed to establish an 18 month lease and didn’t. Luckily, the tenant agreed to a 6 month extension.
Property13 renewal came in April 2022. She had balked about the state of our economy in 2021, and we backed off the proposed increase at that time. Well, all the jurisdictions finally jumped on the increased assessments, and we saw a drastic increase in our costs. We told her that the new offer for a year lease is $950, which is higher than we’d typically increase in one year ($75 instead of $50). But we told her that we were willing to let her walk if she didn’t agree to it since she originally negotiated a lower cost and argued an increase at the 18 month mark, which we let go. She tried to fight it, but our property manager told her to check the rental options in the area to see that she’s still getting a deal. She agreed to the increase.
MAINTENANCE HISTORIES
Property12 requires a new heat pump in June 2021. We paid $3900 for a whole new system, which is a funnily low number just a year later.
The tenant there complained of high water bills. I asked to see a history of the water bills to know how much was considered higher than their average usage. The property manager agreed that the toilet was running and causing higher bills, but also admitted that they attempted to fix the toilet twice over a 3 week period, with multiple days between receiving a maintenance request and taking action. While I agreed that we could compensate her for the issue, I couldn’t quite pinpoint why this was my financial burden and neither the tenant’s nor the property manager’s. I followed up with more information from the property manager with questions like: Why did it take the tenant from 9/20 until 10/11 to identify the issue still remained and that there was a waste of water? They indicated that they believe they made a good faith effort to address the issues as reported. I eventually settled on a $25 concession on one month’s rent.
Property13 had several issues with the hot water installation that were eventually resolved, which was frustrating after we tried to manage issues with the hot water heater through the home inspection process and received documentation as if it was complete. The tenant requested pest control in July 2020 claiming that a vacant house next door caused an increase in pests. I was frustrated because that’s not how it works. I approved treatment at that time, and then she came back with another request in October. Luckily, I haven’t heard about pests since then. In my Virginia leases, we’ll handle some pest control requests, but if there are roach issues once a tenant has been there for some time, we don’t typically pay for that type of treatment.
SUMMARY
All in all, these tenants have been pretty quiet. They ask for random maintenance things here and there, but they’re not usually big-ticket items (except that HVAC replacement!). Our property manager has been more difficult than the tenants.
Being that we were used to the 1% Rule when we purchased these houses, it’s unfortunate that even at 3 years in, we’re not renting it at 1% of our purchase prices. Our cash-on-cash isn’t completely accurate right now because I won’t see our taxes for this year for another month or two. Being that jurisdictions kept the tax amount steady through the pandemic, I’m expecting to see an increase in assessments for this year. I’ve also seen big increases in our home insurance policies, so that will probably eat into our cash flow as well. Our cash-on-cash analysis on Property12 is about 6.5%, and it’s about 7.5% on Property13. These numbers are only slightly lower than our expectation/desire, with our average being about 8%.
In the upcoming year, we’re going to look to get rid of our property manager, so these houses may begin needing more attention from us. It’s been hard to take on more when paying a property manager has been a sunk cost at this point. However, the frustration of managing their management (e.g., making sure charges are correct, not getting a full picture of what work is being done, and then paying them a significant amount of management money and leasing money only for them to claim that checking on the property requires additional fees) has led to us wanting to take it on since we’re in town now. The current lease terms are up in April and May, so if we’re going to take on management, it should be before the possibility of paying them half a month’s rent for leasing it (not to mention they’re notoriously 4-6 weeks out in every leasing attempt they’ve done for us, whereas I’ve never had an issue getting a property leased within a week).
One Dollar Allowance 